Treating Canker Sores: Home Remedies, Over-the-Counter and Prescription Medications, Lifestyle Changes, and Medical Procedures
Canker sores can be a major nuisance for many people. They can make eating and talking painful and difficult, and can sometimes take a long time to heal. Fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available that can help alleviate the symptoms of canker sores and speed up the healing process. In this article, we’ll explore several of the most effective treatments for canker sores and discuss how to prevent them from coming back.
What Are Canker Sores?
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, painful sores that develop inside the mouth, usually on the tongue, gums, or inside of the cheeks. They are not contagious and are generally harmless, but they can be very uncomfortable and can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to heal.
Canker sores can be caused by a number of factors, including injury to the mouth, stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods. They can also be a symptom of an underlying medical condition such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or HIV/AIDS. There are several different types of canker sores, including:
- Minor canker sores, which are small and oval-shaped and usually heal on their own within a week or two
- Major canker sores, which are larger and deeper than minor canker sores and can take several weeks to heal
- Herpetiform canker sores, which are clusters of small canker sores that can be very painful and long-lasting
Home Remedies
If you have a mild case of canker sores, there are several home remedies that you can try to help speed up the healing process and alleviate the pain.
Saltwater Rinses
Rinsing your mouth with warm salt water is a simple and effective way to help relieve the pain of canker sores. To make a saltwater rinse, dissolve one teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish it around your mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out. Repeat this several times a day as needed.
Baking Soda Rinses
Another effective home remedy is rinsing your mouth with a solution of baking soda and water. To make this rinse, mix one teaspoon of baking soda with a half-cup of warm water and swish the solution around your mouth for a few seconds before spitting it out. Baking soda can help neutralize the acidity in your mouth, which can help speed up the healing process.
Ice
Applying ice to the affected area can help numb the pain of canker sores, although it won’t speed up the healing process. You can use a small ice cube or an ice pack wrapped in a towel, holding it against the sore for a few minutes at a time.
Honey
Some people find that applying a small amount of honey directly to the canker sore can help reduce pain and speed up healing. Honey has natural antibacterial properties that can help prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
Over-the-Counter Treatment
If home remedies aren’t enough to alleviate your symptoms, there are several over-the-counter treatments available that can help.
Medicated Mouthwashes
There are several mouthwashes available that contain ingredients like hydrogen peroxide or benzocaine that can help soothe the pain of canker sores and promote healing. These products should be used according to the instructions on the label.
Gels
Over-the-counter gels containing ingredients like benzocaine or hydrocortisone can also be applied directly to the canker sore to help reduce pain and promote healing. Again, these products should be used according to the instructions on the label.
Lozenges
There are several lozenges available that contain ingredients like benzocaine or menthol that can help numb the pain of canker sores. These can be especially helpful if eating or talking is particularly painful.
Lifestyle Changes
In addition to medical treatments, there are several lifestyle changes you can make that can help prevent canker sores from developing or recurring.
Avoiding Acidic Foods
Foods that are high in acid—such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar—can irritate the mouth and increase the risk of canker sores. If you’re prone to getting canker sores, try to avoid these types of foods.
Practicing Good Oral Hygiene
Keeping your mouth clean and healthy is an important part of preventing canker sores. Brush your teeth and tongue twice a day, floss daily, and use mouthwash regularly to keep your mouth clean and free of bacteria.
Getting Enough Sleep
Lack of sleep can weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to canker sores. Be sure to get at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night to help keep your body healthy.
Reducing Stress Levels
Stress is a common trigger for canker sores. Try to find ways to reduce stress in your life, such as practicing yoga or meditation, getting regular exercise, or talking to a therapist or counselor.
Prescription Medication
If your canker sores are particularly severe or long-lasting, your doctor may prescribe medication to help alleviate your symptoms.
Topical Corticosteroids
Corticosteroid creams or ointments can be applied directly to the canker sore to help reduce pain and inflammation. These medications are generally safe and effective, but should be used according to your doctor’s instructions.
Oral Antibiotics
In cases where canker sores are caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic to help clear up the infection. Antibiotics should only be used under the supervision of a doctor, as they can have side effects and can interact with other medications.
Medical Procedures
In rare cases, medical procedures may be necessary to help treat canker sores.
Cauterization with Chemicals or Lasers
In severe cases, a doctor may use chemicals or lasers to cauterize the canker sore, essentially burning it off. This procedure is generally safe and effective, but can be painful and may require a local anesthetic.
Preventing Recurrence
While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent canker sores from coming back, there are several steps you can take to help reduce your risk.
Dietary Changes and Improvements
By avoiding triggering foods, such as those high in acid or salt, you can reduce your risk of recurrence. Improving your diet by incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can also help keep your mouth healthy and decrease your chances of developing canker sores.
Seeking Professional Help to Improve Nutrition
If you frequently develop canker sores, it may be a sign of a nutritional deficiency. A healthcare provider or registered dietitian can help you identify and address any nutrient deficiencies.
Conclusion
Canker sores can be painful and frustrating, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, they can usually be managed effectively. If you’re struggling with canker sores, be sure to talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for you. With a little patience and care, you can minimize the pain and discomfort of canker sores and get back to your normal routine as quickly as possible.
